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Title Available As Summary Date ID Author
Raising Fowl and Small Animals in Urban Areas Sep 28, 2018 2902-1086 (APSC-148NP)
Brooding of Domestic Fowl May 1, 2009 2902-1087
Transporting Poultry in a Humane Manner
Poultry is transported for a few different reasons, for instance to fairs or markets, to a new owner, the vet, or to slaughter. Unfortunately, few people put much thought into how to best transport their fowl. As a result, birds experience distress, get sick or die in transit. This can be easily avoided. Consider the following factors before transporting fowl.
Sep 27, 2023 2902-1088 (APSC-188NP)
Transporting Poultry in a Humane Manner Sep 28, 2018 2902-1088 (APSC-147NP)
Incubating Eggs May 1, 2009 2902-1090
Small-scale Poultry Housing Apr 28, 2023 2902-1092 (APSC-186NP)
Avian Disease Fact Sheet May 1, 2009 2902-1094
Why Have My Hens Stopped Laying? 5 Factors that Impact Egg Production Jul 12, 2022 2902-1097 (APSC-180NP)
Why Have My Hens Stopped Laying? 5 Factors that Impact Egg Production Jul 12, 2022 2902-1097 (APSC-180NP)
Common Ticks of Virginia Jan 30, 2022 2906-1396 (ENTO-487NP)
Cloverbud Curriculum, A Horse of a Different Color! Jul 15, 2021 380-104 (4H-561P)
Cloverbud Curriculum - Eat Like a Horse!
Horses, just like people, need to eat a variety of things to meet their nutritional requirements. If their diet is out of balance, then problems occur. A horse getting too much feed will become overweight, while one who eats too many treats may end up with colic. A young horse that eats an unbalanced diet may grow slowly or not grow correctly.
Jan 21, 2021 380-105 (4H-562P)
Cloverbud Curriculum - Knocking Off the Dirt!
Horses, just like people, need to stay clean in order to not only look good but also stay healthy. Grooming not only gets the horse clean; it also relaxes them and allows you to look for injuries, parasites, or skin conditions.
Jul 15, 2021 380-106 (4H-564P)
Cloverbud Curriculum - Do You Have Horse Sense!
Horses do not speak in words, but they still communicate. They use body language. Understanding horse “language” is important when it comes to safely handling horses. There are several ways horses position their bodies in order to talk to each other.
Jul 15, 2021 380-107 (4H-560P)
Cloverbud Curriculum - Horses Wear Clothes, Too!
Just as different people do different jobs, so do different horses perform different tasks. In order to do their jobs well, they need to have the right tack or equipment.
Jul 15, 2021 380-108 (4H-563P)
Cloverbud Curriculum - Puzzling Horse Parts!
So many activities and interactions with horses require you to know what the parts of the horse are, where they’re located, and how they function. It’s also important to use the correct terminology when speaking with others about horses. For example, telling the vet that a horse has a wound on the withers is more specific than just saying on the back.
Jul 15, 2021 380-109(4H-565P)
4-H Science Fair Project/Presentation and Display Score Sheet Mar 19, 2014 380-128 (4H-256NP)
Virginia 4-H Market Goat Project Junior Record Book Jan 24, 2023 4H-144P
Virginia 4-H Market Goat Project Senior Record Book Jan 24, 2023 4H-145P
Virginia 4-H Market Hog Project Junior Record Book Jan 24, 2023 4H-146P
Virginia 4-H Market Hog Project Senior Record Book Jan 24, 2023 4H-147P
Virginia 4-H Market Lamb Project Junior Record Book Jan 24, 2023 4H-148P
Virginia 4-H Market Lamb Project Senior Record Book Jan 24, 2023 4H-149P
Virginia 4-H Sheep Flock Project Junior Record Book Jan 24, 2023 4H-150P
Virginia 4-H Sheep Flock Project Senior Record Book Jan 24, 2023 4H-151P
VT Policy Guidelines for Open vs. 4-H Horse Events Apr 8, 2020 4H-306NP (4H-901NP)
Basic Information Agents need to know about Virginia’s 4-H Horse Program Jul 20, 2016 4H-307NP (APSC-125NP)
General Horse Information Agents Need To Know Apr 20, 2020 4H-308 (4H-887NP)
Virginia 4-H State Horse Program Dec 1, 2022 4H-570NP (4H-1007NP)
Virginia Virtual Farm to Table: Chicken Aug 14, 2020 4H-921NP
Virginia Virtual Farm to Table: Eggs Aug 31, 2020 4H-925NP
Virginia Farm to Table: Wine and Lamb Sep 4, 2020 4H-926NP
Virginia Virtual Farm to Table: Pork Sep 9, 2020 4H-928
Nutrition and Feeding of the Cow-Calf Herd: Digestive System of the Cow May 1, 2009 400-010
Nutrition and Feeding of the Cow-Calf Herd: Production Cycle Nutrition and Nutrient Requirements of Cows, Pregnant Heifers and Bulls May 1, 2009 400-012
GnRH Based Estrus Synchronization Systems for Beef Cows May 1, 2009 400-013
Alternative Feeds for Beef Cattle May 1, 2009 400-230
Cattle Identification: Freeze Branding May 1, 2009 400-301
Getting Started in the Cattle Business in Virginia May 1, 2009 400-790
Body Condition Scoring Beef Cows May 1, 2009 400-795
Understanding Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) May 1, 2009 400-804
Crossbreeding Beef Cattle May 1, 2009 400-805
Virginia 4-H Horse Project Measurement Card Mar 23, 2020 406-050 (4H -881NP)
VIRGINIA 4-H HORSE PROJECT: PROGRESSIVE RIDING SERIES UNIT 1 Basic Horsemanship
Members should also enroll in the Horse Management project and keep an accurate and up-to-date management record. Participate in the riding series is strictly on an elective basis. The riding projects should be closely supervised by a horse project leader. Numerous standard references may be used for completing the diagrams, questions, etc. Members should have the basic equipment for riding and the use of a suitable riding animal.
Jul 19, 2021 406-053 (4H-559P)
Progressive Riding Series Unit 4 - Horsemaster Jan 10, 2022 406-099
Self-Determined Horse Project Jul 15, 2021 406-107 (4H-567P)
Virginia 4-H Horse Project Junior Record Book Feb 26, 2018 406-122 (4H-694P)
Virginia 4-H Horse Project Senior Record Book Dec 19, 2018 406-123 (4H-837P)
4-H Project Horse Eligibility/Declaration Jan 21, 2021 406-125 (4H-583NP)
Beginning of Life Nov 9, 2009 408-029
Poultry Yearly Plan and Record Book Apr 24, 2019 408-042
Control, Treatment, and Elimination of Foot Rot from Sheep May 1, 2009 410-028
Sheep Management Schedule May 1, 2009 410-365
Sheep Grazing Management May 1, 2009 410-366
Feeding Sheep May 1, 2009 410-853
Control of Common Pasture and Hayfield Weeds in Virginia and West Virginia May 1, 2009 427-002
Fencing Materials For Livestock Systems May 1, 2009 442-131
Taste of Farming: Beef Management 101 Apr 4, 2022 ALCE-296-12
Taste of Farming: Horse Management 101 Apr 1, 2022 ALCE-296-8
Equine Evacuation Sites during Emergencies Oct 25, 2018 ANR-228NP (APSC-150NP)
4-H Horse Program Key Dates Agents Need to Know Jun 27, 2016 APSC-128NP
Influence of Breed and Supplementation on Consumer Ratings of Pasture-raised Ground Lamb Dec 11, 2017 APSC-142NP
Preparing for the breeding season in meat goats and hair sheep Feb 20, 2018 APSC-143NP
Transitioning Beef Cattle to a Defined Breeding and Calving Season Aug 2, 2023 APSC-145P (APSC-187P)
Animal welfare considerations for on-farm or backyard slaughter of poultry
On-farm or backyard slaughter of poultry has some advantages and disadvantages from an animal welfare perspective. In this text, some considerations are discussed in relation to the animals' experience prior to slaughter and some suggestions are provided for humane slaughter.
Aug 9, 2024 APSC-152 (APSC-201NP)
Enhancing Reproductive Performance in Small Ruminants: Part I. Biology of Reproduction Mar 1, 2020 APSC-157P
Enhancing Reproductive Performance in Small Ruminants Part III. Breeding and Management Systems Mar 1, 2020 APSC-159P
Enhancing Reproductive Performance in Small Ruminants Part IV: Breed/Selection Mar 1, 2020 APSC-160P
Euthanasia for Broiler Chickens: Manual and Mechanical Cervical Dislocation Methods Oct 15, 2019 APSC-161P
An Update on African Swine Fever and its Effects on Pork Production Aug 30, 2019 APSC-162NP
United States Department of Agriculture 2017 Census of Agriculture: A Snapshot of Swine Production in Virginia Sep 9, 2019 APSC-163NP
Low Stress Cattle Handling Feb 14, 2020 APSC-167NP
Equine Care During Covid-19 Apr 7, 2020 APSC-168NP
Castration in the U.S. Swine Industry: Animal Welfare Implications and Alternatives Dec 11, 2020 APSC-174P
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the Use of Above Ground Burial to Manage Catastrophic Livestock Mortality in Non-Disease Situations Aug 4, 2021 APSC-178NP
Above Ground Burial An Overview of the Technology Jun 28, 2021 APSC-179NP
Activity Lesson Plan for Proper Storage, Labeling, and Accounting for Medications
Purpose: To teach youth how to read a medication label so they are better able to understand how to store and administer medications for different livestock species.
Jun 23, 2021 APSC-99P (APSC-176P)
U.S. Swine Health Improvement Plan: Background, Benefits, and How to Enroll Sep 29, 2022 APSC-181P
Small Scale and Niche Market Pork Producers Should Respond to the 2022 Census of Agriculture¹ Jan 24, 2023 APSC-183NP
Poultry Biosecurity Awareness Feb 10, 2023 APSC-184NP
Upcoming Policy Change Governing Injectable Antibiotics Will Alter Their Use by Pig Farmers Mar 15, 2023 APSC-185NP
Kinky Back (Spondylolisthesis) in Broiler Chickens: What We Can Do Today to Reduce the Problem Sep 20, 2023 APSC-189P
Poultry Parasites: Northern Fowl Mites
Northern fowl mites (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) are one of the more common ectoparasites (external parasites) that can be present in a poultry flock. This publication discusses detection, prevention, and treatment options
Oct 11, 2023 APSC-190P
Footpad Dermatitis in Poultry: A Common Issue in Commercial and Backyard Flocks
Footpad dermatitis refers to a lesion on the footpad and/or toes, characterized by black, necrotic skin and inflammation. This is a widespread condition that can occur in any poultry flock, from mini scale backyard birds to large-scale commercial settings. This publication covers information about the prevalence, causes, methods to keep track, and some potential remedies.
Oct 2, 2023 APSC-191P
Predators for Free-Ranging Poultry
Predation is a common risk for poultry that are allowed to roam freely outdoors (Fig. 1). Predator types may differ depending on the region. Therefore, this article may not cover all possible predators for a specific geographical region. This article provides an overview of potential flock predators, how to identify the predator, and approaches to avoid predation in your free-range poultry flock.
Sep 28, 2023 APSC-192P
Leg and Foot Disorders in Domestic Poultry
Leg and foot problems in poultry can be a serious health and animal welfare problem, with consequences for production too. Most leg and foot disorders in poultry can be prevented through proper nutrition and management. However, some problems can be genetic. Here we consider the causes of these problems in poultry. By taking proper management precautions, you can prevent leg and foot disorders from ever occurring.
Oct 12, 2023 APSC-193NP
Decreasing Preweaning Death Loss in Pigs: Key Management Considerations for Small-Scale Farmers Jan 10, 2024 APSC-195P
Asian Longhorned Tick and Theileria Orientalis Ikeda: Current Thoughts and Understandings
This project will be used to disseminate current thoughts and understand the invasive species of Asian Longhorned Tick (ALT) and the spread of Theileria. The Asian Longhorned Tick is a new invasive species that was first found in the US in 2017 and has since spread to 19 states from the Atlantic Coast to the Southeastern region of the US. The ALT is credited with the widespread of Theileria. Theileria is a blood protozoa parasite that has had a negative impact on cattle producers across the state. This article is what we currently understand about the ALT and the spread of Theileria.
Nov 30, 2023 APSC-196P
Bovine Influenza A Virus (BIAV) - HPAI in Cattle
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (HPAI) virus is an emerging disease in dairy cattle. HPAI has previously only been found in poultry and other fowl. The virus in birds is known to affect multiple internal organs with a mortality rate of up to 90% to 100% (Center for Disease Control [CDC], nd). The large geographic spread of this virus is made possible through the infection of migrating bird species.
Apr 25, 2024 APSC-197NP
Silvopasture Systems for Broiler Chickens: Ranging Behavior and Range Use
Domesticated chickens, like their ancestor the Jungle Fowl, will range outdoors when given the opportunity, especially when given shelter or natural overhead cover from bushes and trees. Poultry flocks that get the opportunity to range outdoors can benefit in terms of health and behavioral opportunities. However, many factors impact ranging behavior, including shelters, weather, time of day, early life experiences, fear, group size and genetics. Here we focus on one component that could stimulate poultry to use the range more, which is to provide natural vegetation other than grass.
May 23, 2024 APSC-198P
Biosecurity: Five Steps to Protect Poultry from Avian Influenza (and Other Diseases)
A highly-pathogenic strain of Avian influenza, or bird flu is currently present in the United States. The outbreak started in early 2022 and continues. So far, the disease has infected both commercial and backyard poultry flocks resulting in the loss of over 90 million birds. It was recently detected in other livestock species, such as dairy cattle, and wildlife. It can transmit to humans. Biosecurity measures could prevent transmission of this disease.
Jun 10, 2024 APSC-200P
Asian Longhorned Tick May 26, 2023 ENTO-282NP (ENTO-560NP)
Stockpile Grazing in Autumn Nov 2, 2023 SPES-29P
Using Grazing Charts
This is a Graze 300 Virginia video which is part of an Extension initiative to enable Virginia farmers to achieve 300 days of livestock grazing by facilitating better pasture management and environmental stewardship. In this video clip, Tim Mize, Extension Agent with Virginia Cooperative Extension, and Norman Bower, a cooperating farmer, share how a grazing chart can be a roadmap for communicating and planning a farm's grazing plan. For more information about Graze 300 VA and Virginia Cooperative Extension, please visit Graze 300. Funding for the video was generously provided by the Agua Fund to encourage sustainable resilient agriculture and the conservation of important natural resources.
Nov 2, 2023 SPES-30P
Stockpile Grazing with Horses
This is a Graze 300 Virginia video which is part of an Extension initiative to enable Virginia farmers to achieve 300 days of livestock grazing by facilitating better pasture management and environmental stewardship. In this video clip, Carrie Swanson, Extension Agent with Virginia Cooperative Extension, discusses and demonstrates the benefits of stockpile grazing with horses. For more information about Graze 300 VA and Virginia Cooperative Extension, please visit Graze 300. Funding for the video was generously provided by the Agua Fund to encourage sustainable resilient agriculture and the conservation of important natural resources.
Nov 2, 2023 SPES-31P
Benefits of a Dry Lot for Horses
This is a Graze 300 Virginia video which is part of an Extension initiative to enable Virginia farmers to achieve 300 days of livestock grazing by facilitating better pasture management and environmental stewardship. In this video clip, Carrie Swanson, Extension Agent with Virginia Cooperative Extension, discusses the benefits of a dry lot as a horse and pasture management strategy. For more information about Graze 300 VA and Virginia Cooperative Extension, please visit Graze 300. Funding for the video was generously provided by the Agua Fund to encourage sustainable resilient agriculture and the conservation of important natural resources.
Nov 2, 2023 SPES-32P
Using a Grazing Muzzle
This is a Graze 300 Virginia video which is part of an Extension initiative to enable Virginia farmers to achieve 300 days of livestock grazing by facilitating better pasture management and environmental stewardship. In this video clip, Carrie Swanson, Extension Agent with Virginia Cooperative Extension, discusses the benefits of a dry lot as a horse and pasture management strategy. For more information about Graze 300 VA and Virginia Cooperative Extension, please visit Graze 300. Funding for the video was generously provided by the Agua Fund to encourage sustainable resilient agriculture and the conservation of important natural resources.
Nov 2, 2023 SPES-33P
Grazing Through Snow Nov 1, 2023 SPES-34P
Grazing Summer Annuals
This is a Graze 300 Virginia video which is part of an Extension initiative to enable Virginia farmers to achieve 300 days of livestock grazing by facilitating better pasture management and environmental stewardship. In this video clip, Jason Thurman of Lazy Acre Angus, in cooperation with Chris Brown Extension Agent with Virginia Cooperative Extension, explains his farm’s rotational grazing system and how he has incorporated summer annuals such as Sorghum-Sudangrass in the system to improve cow performance during the hot summer months. For more information about Graze 300 VA and Virginia Cooperative Extension, please visit Graze 300. Funding for the video was generously provided by the Agua Fund to encourage sustainable resilient agriculture and the conservation of important natural resources.
Nov 2, 2023 SPES-35P
Measuring Forage with a Falling Plate Meter
This is a Graze 300 Virginia video which is part of an Extension initiative to enable Virginia farmers to achieve 300 days of livestock grazing by facilitating better pasture management and environmental stewardship. In this video clip, Jeanie Layton-Dudding, Extension Agent with Virginia Cooperative Extension, demonstrates how to use a falling plate meter measure the amount of forage available in a pasture and to plan your winter feeding management. For more information about Graze 300 VA and Virginia Cooperative Extension, please visit Graze 300. Funding for the video was generously provided by the Agua Fund to encourage sustainable resilient agriculture and the conservation of important natural resources.
Nov 2, 2023 SPES-36P
VCE Ag Today: Small Ruminants Nov 10, 2021 VCE-1027-54NP