ID

430-022 (HORT-123P)

Authors as Published

Bonnie Appleton, Extension Specialist Joel Koci, Graduate Student, Hampton Roads AREC Roger Harris, Kathy Sevebeck, Dawn Alleman, Lynnette Swanson, Editorial Contributors, Virginia Tech Dept. of Horticulture, Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources, Norfolk VCE, Chesapeake VCE, respectively Reviewed by David Close, Consumer Horticulture and Master Gardener Specialist, Horticulture, Virginia Tech

This publication is available in a PDF file format only

Conditions in urban environments place trees under numerous stresses including compacted soil, soil moisture extremes, and reduced soil fertility. Polluted air is another stress that contributes to the decline of urban trees. Air pollution may cause short-term (acute) damage, which is immediately visible, and long-term (chronic) damage, which can lead to gradual tree decline. Long-term damage may predispose trees to other disorders, making diagnosis difficult. 

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Publication Date

August 10, 2020