Youth advocacy refers to youths’ positive development through experiences and processes that can influence their social and political attitudes and behaviors. Youth advocates typically work alongside adults and peers fighting for issues, such as health, civil rights and justice reform (Woolworth, 2014). Advocacy experiences can take place in a variety of places, such as public organizations, non-profits and the private sector – all with the goal of working for change and solutions.

Civic engagement refers to multiple ways that youth identify with the common good and become engaged members of their communities (Flanagan & Faison, 2001). Civic engagement through 4-H helps empower young people to be well informed citizens who are engaged in their community and the world. Being involved in civic activities, youth can learn about community affairs, build decision-making skills, gain civic literacy skills and even gain confidence and understanding in order to make positive connections and relationships within their community.

Woody plants are pruned to maintain a desired size and shape and to promote a certain type of growth. Ornamental plants are pruned to improve the aesthetic quality of the plant, but fruit trees are pruned to improve fruit quality by encouraging an appropriate balance between vegetative (wood) and reproductive (fruiting) growth.

This publication explains the relationship between Leaf Area Index and soybean yield potential.

Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, and Virginia, the five states in the Mid-Atlantic region, all require Certified Nutrient Management Plans to be completed for certain agricultural programs.