Straw is a valuable agricultural commodity that contains essential plant nutrients and contributes to soil organic matter. This publication explains how to estimate straw yield, quantify nutrient removal associated with baling, and calculate the fertilizer-equivalent value of straw based on current nutrient prices. It also discusses factors affecting straw production, the economic implications of straw removal, and soil health considerations related to maintaining crop residue in the field. The information provided can help producers make informed decisions about straw harvest and residue management.

The purpose of this guide is to provide farmers, industry, crop consultants and government personnel with information for various cover crop species and varieties within species on biomass accumulation, nutrient uptake, and flower/heading dates across Virginia.