Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) is a plant virus with a large host range (>400 plant species), including many ornamental plants, vegetables, field crops and weed hosts (Table 1). TRV’s host range includes many popular ornamental plants, such as aster, bigleaf hydrangea, bleeding heart, hosta, peony, and petunia, which makes TRV a serious concern for ornamental plant growers and the horticulture industry.

Calonectria diseases cause significant economic losses in the ornamental horticultural industry worldwide (Aiello et al. 2022). In 2024 and 2025, Calonectria spp. were isolated from leaf spots, stem cankers, stem dieback, and necrotic roots of containerized Nandina domestica (nandina/heavenly bamboo) nursery stock from 11 nurseries in 11 Virginia counties. The fungus was confirmed from 7 N. domestica cultivars: Blush Pink, Fire Power, Gulf Stream, Harbour Dwarf, Lemon Lime, Moon Bay, and Obsession.